Etruscan Civilization and Art Overview
“Bronze Sculpture and Painted Pottery”
《WareWish》
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Chimera of Arezzo, Etruscan bronze statue, c. 400 BCE.
(National Archaeological Museum, Wikipedia) |
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A. Etruscan Civilization Overview:
The Etruscans were an ancient civilization that existed in central
Italy from approximately the 9th century BCE to the 1st century
BCE.
伊特魯里亞人是大約公元前九世紀至公元前一世紀存在於義大利中部的一個古老文明。
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Etruscan Bronze Mirror, 5-4th century BC., Italy. (Photo: Silar, Wikipedia) |
The Etruscans had a significant influence on the development of Roman
civilization. They were known for their advanced urban planning, art,
and engineering skills, which the Romans later adopted and expanded
upon.
伊特魯里亞人對羅馬文明的發展產生了重大影響。
他們以其先進的城市規劃、藝術和工程技能而聞名，後來羅馬人採用並擴展了這些技能。
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Etruscan bronze statuette of billy goat late VI century BC.
(National Archaeological Museum, photo: Lumenxts, Wikipedia) |
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B. Etruscan Art Overview:
Etruscan art refers to the artistic creations of the ancient
Etruscan civilization that thrived in central Italy from the 9th
to the 1st century BCE. Etruscan art displays a distinctive and
diverse style influenced by Greek and Eastern cultures. Here is an
overview of Etruscan art:
伊特魯里亞藝術是指公元前9世紀至公元前1世紀，在義大利中部蓬勃發展的古代伊特魯里亞文明的藝術創作。伊特魯里亞藝術呈現出受希臘和東方文化影響的獨特而多樣的風格，以下是伊特魯里亞藝術的概述：
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Giorces Veii Apollo 1(Metropolitan Museum of Art,
photo: Katie Chao, Wikipedia) |
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Liver of Piacenza (photo: Lokilech, Wikipedia) |
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1. Bronze Sculpture: Etruscans were renowned for their exquisite
bronze sculptures. These sculptures typically depicted deities,
heroes, nobles, and other important figures. Bronze sculptures
showcased detailed body proportions and intricate details such as
clothing, hairstyles, and facial expressions. These artworks
demonstrate the Etruscans' observation of human anatomy and their
mastery of technical skills.
1.
青銅雕塑：伊特魯里亞人以其精美的青銅雕塑而聞名。這些雕塑通常描繪神靈、英雄、貴族和其他重要人物。青銅雕塑展示了細緻的身體比例和復雜的細節，如服裝、髮型和麵部表情，這些藝術品展示了伊特魯里亞人對人體解剖學的觀察和對技術技能的掌握。
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Cratere D'Avalos Museo DeFeis (photo: Museo De Feis, Wikipedia) |
_1%20%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E9%AD%AF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%96%99%E5%98%B4%E5%A3%BA.jpg "Etruscan red-figure beak-spouted jug,400/350 BC(photo: Marcus Cyron, Wikipedia)")
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Etruscan red-figure beak-spouted jug,400/350 BC (photo: Marcus Cyron, Wikipedia) |
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Etruscan black-figure hydria, early 5th century BC. (photo: Robert Valette, Wikipedia) |
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Etruscan vase - Ancient city of Spina. (photo: Vanni Lazzari, Wikipedia) |
2. Painted Pottery: Etruscan pottery was famous for its unique
painted style. The pottery was often characterized by black, red,
and white colors adorned with various motifs and patterns, including
plants, animals, geometric designs, and mythological narratives.
Painted pottery was widely used in Etruscan funerary contexts to
decorate grave goods and offerings.
2.
彩繪陶器：伊特魯里亞陶器以其獨特的彩繪風格而聞名。陶器通常以黑色、紅色和白色為特徵，裝飾有各種圖案和圖案，包括植物、動物、幾何圖案和神話故事。彩陶廣泛應用於伊特魯里亞喪葬環境中，用來裝飾陪葬品和祭品。
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Etruscan Pottery(photo: Katie Chao, Wikipedia) |
_01~%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E4%BA%BA%E9%A8%8E%E5%9C%A8%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%B9%E7%AC%9B%E5%AD%90%EF%BC%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%8C%E7%B4%84%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D360~340%20%E5%B9%B4.jpg "A youth mounted on a dolphin and playing the flute; stamnos, circa 360/340 BC(National Archaeological Museum, Wikipedia)")
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A youth mounted on a dolphin and playing the flute;
stamnos, circa 360/340 BC (National Archaeological Museum, Wikipedia) |
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Cratere geometrico della collezione Ludwig (Da Reusser 1988, photo: Inharecherche, Wikipedia) |
3. Wall Paintings: Wall paintings in Etruscan tombs constitute an
important part of their artistic expression. These paintings
depicted a range of scenes, including daily life, banquets,
religious rituals, and mythological stories. Vibrant pigments were
used to create detailed depictions with a sense of perspective.
These wall paintings provide valuable insights into Etruscan
culture, beliefs, and practices.
3.
壁畫：伊特魯里亞墓葬中的壁畫構成了其藝術表現的重要組成部分。這些畫描繪了一系列場景，包括日常生活、宴會、宗教儀式和神話故事。充滿活力的顏料被用來創造具有透視感的細節描繪。這些壁畫提供了對伊特魯里亞文化、信仰和習俗的寶貴見解。
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Athena and Poseidon on a volute krater by the Nazzano Painters, circa 360 BC (Louvre Museum, Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen, Wikipedia) |
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Head of a god - MARQ exhibition of Etruscan art (Photo: KJP1, Wikipedia) |
4. Jewelry: Etruscans were renowned for their craftsmanship in
jewelry making. They created various intricate metal jewelry pieces,
including necklaces, bracelets, rings, and earrings. These jewelry
items were often adorned with gold and silver decorations, as well
as gemstones and enamel work.
4.
珠寶：伊特魯里亞人以其珠寶製作工藝而聞名。他們創造了各種複雜的金屬首飾，包括項鍊、手鐲、戒指和耳環，這些珠寶通常飾有金銀裝飾品以及寶石和琺瑯製品。
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Etruscan_Terracotta_Head (The British Museum, Photo: Gary Todd, Wikipedia) |
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Etruscan head (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Photo: Katie Chao, Wikipedia) |
5. Architecture: Etruscan architecture showcased their advanced
urban planning and engineering skills. They constructed magnificent
temples, city walls, theaters, and tombs. These structures were
known for their meticulously designed details, arches, and
pilasters.
5.
建築：伊特魯里亞建築展示了他們先進的城市規劃和工程技能。他們建造了宏偉的寺廟、城牆、劇院和墳墓，這些建築以其精心設計的細節、拱門和壁柱而聞名。
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| Chiusi sfinge etrusca (Photo: Riccardo, Wikipedia) |
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Rabbit, Etruscan potter (Metropolitan Museum of Ar, Photo: Katie Chao, Wikipedia) |
Etruscan art demonstrates the creative prowess and technical
achievements of this ancient civilization. It provides valuable
insights into Etruscan culture, beliefs, and way of life while also
influencing the artistic development of later Roman civilization.
伊特魯里亞藝術展示了這個古老文明的創造力和技術成就。它為伊特魯里亞文化、信仰和生活方式提供了寶貴的見解，同時也影響了後來羅馬文明的藝術發展。
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